PHYS 22084

>< Type/ Status : Core
>< Title : Solid State Physics and Thermodynamics
>< Pre-requisites : PHYS 12034
>< Objectives : By the end of course, students will gain a basic understanding on the fundamental concepts in solid state physics and thermodynamics.
>< Course Content :

Solid State Physics
Solids, liquids and gasses, atomic bonding, amorphous and crystalline solids, Lattices, Primitive Cell, Bravais Lattices, Crystal planes and Miller indices, Packing Arrays, simple Crystal Structures, X-ray diffraction techniques, Material and Structure identification, Form factor and Structure Factor, X-ray diffraction pattern calculation, Electrical Conductivity of materials, Drude’s model, Free electron theory, Density of states, Fermi level, Fermi-Dirac Distribution, Band theory of solids. Metals, Insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, n and p type doping.
Growth techniques of semiconductors. Fabrication of semiconductor devices; grown junction, alloyed junction, diffused junction, ion implantation, oxidation and film deposition, metallization, sputtering, lithography, IC fabrication. Chemical etching. IV and CV characteristics of a Schottky junction and a p-n junction. Ohmic contacts. Device characterization using; Hall effect, Four probe, IV, CV and Optical techniques. Diodes and transistors. Photonic devices; LED, lasers, photoconductors, photodiodes, solar cells, quantum well devices.

Thermodynamics
Kinetic theory of gases; Ideal gas, Equation of state, Maxwell’s velocity distribution, Molecular speed, Mean free path. Behaviour of real gases; Van der Waals’ equation of state and Critical constants. Thermodynamics; Thermal equilibrium and Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic processes: Reversible, Irreversible, Adiabatic, Isothermal, Isobaric and Isomeric processes, Work, Quasi-static process, First law of thermodynamics, Heat engines; Carnot cycle, Refrigerator, Second law of thermodynamics, Theories of specific heat. Carnot theorem, Entropy, Change of states. Thermodynamic relations; Maxwell’s relations and applications, Low temperature physics; Enthalpy, Joule-Thompson effect, Liquefaction of gases. Thermoelectricity. Thermal radiation: Blackbody radiation, Plank’s theory of radiation.

>< Methodology : A combination of lectures and tutorial discussions.
>< Scheme of Evaluation : End of semester written examination.
>< Recommended Reading:
1. Azroff, L. V., Introduction to Solids.
2. Lovell, M. C., Avery, A. J. and Vernon, M. W., Physical Properties of Materials.
3. Ashcroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D.(1976). Solid State Physics, Saunders College.
4. Streetman, B. (1995). Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall.
5. Williams, R. E. (1984). Gallium Arsenide Processing Techniques, Artech House Inc.
6. Zemansky, M. W. & Dittman, R. H. (6th edition). Heat and Thermodynamics, Mcgraw-Hill.
7. Reynolds, W. C., Thermodynamics.

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