Water relations: water potential concept, cell and plant water relations. Stomatal physiology.
Photosynthesis: photochemistry and electron transport, photophosphorylation, carbon reduction cycle, C3, C4 and CAM pathways, photorespiration. Phloem transport.
Mineral nutrition: concept of essentiality, functions and deficiency symptoms, principles, characteristics and general mechanisms of solute absorption.
Growth and Development: growth
and growth kinetics, auxins, gibberellines, cytokinins, ethylene and growth
inhibitors. Photoperiodism. Vernalization.
Chemical basis of life. Water as the solvent of life. pH scale, buffers and
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Membrane structure and functions.